Veterans and DU
I'm not going to make a call on his "Condition" I've seen too many like Him already.We wont know anything if this is Like the NAM VETS until most are Dead or someone finds the "Smoking Gun"
DU is been just one of several factors that have been thrown around for years but was a "BIG ENOUGH CONCERN" That in 1998 they stated testing .
But there are so many more things that are being looked into now.
I dont know if they are suffering from DU exposure or ONE OF THE FEW other things thats being looked at.I just cant make a call or want too.
This is just for INFO not to Go after anyone for their Opinions.
This is out of the VA handbook on Radation Exposure ,they have a Whole Appendix that was too much to copy it has a link at the bottom somewhere.
VETERANS EXPOSED TO DEPLETED URANIUM (DU)
Depleted uranium (DU) is a by-product of the uranium enrichment process by which
U-235 is purified for use in nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons. During this
process, both U-234 and U-235 are removed. Since U-234 and U-235 are the more
radioactive of the natural uranium isotopes, DU is about half as radioactive as natural
uranium (i.e., DU has about half the number of disintegrations per second per gram).
Removal of U-234 has the greatest impact on the radioactivity of DU for although U-234
makes up only a very small portion (.0058%) of natural uranium, its radioactivity is
extremely high (6200 ìCi/g) when compared to the other isotopes (2.2 ìCi/g for U-235
and 0.33 ìCi/g for U-238). U-234, therefore, contributes approximately 0.36 ìCi/g or
almost half of the radioactivity of natural uranium. In DU, the concentration of U-234 is
0.001 %, thus diminishing its contribution to the total radioactivity of DU to approximately
0.062 ìCi/g or l6%. (Refer to the Physician Information Packet (2000) in Appendix 15
for chart of contributions of individual isotopes to radioactivity of uranium and DU.)
DU is primarily a hazard if internalized due to its alpha particle emission. The toxicity of
DU is related more to its chemical properties as a heavy metal than its radioactivity.
Because of DU’s high density and other properties, it is used by the military forces in
armor to protect tanks and in munitions to enhance penetration and destructive effects.
During the Gulf War (GW), DU-containing weapons were used on a very large scale for
the first time and were utilized only by the U.S. and British forces. U.S. service personnel
potentially exposed to DU include “friendly fire” casualties with retained fragments or
wound contamination, those who entered vehicles that had been damaged by DU munitions,
individuals who cleaned or salvaged DU-damaged vehicles, and personnel who
breathed smoke or dust containing DU particles.
DoD has estimated that external exposure to DU by service personnel in the GW would
have been unlikely to exceed the applicable NRC occupational dose limits.
The highest internal radiation dose found in veterans who were tested by whole-body
counting as part of the DU Follow-up Program at the Baltimore VA Medical Center was
slightly over the NRC’s annual allowance for the general public of 0.1 rem per year.
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Health effects of DU
Since DU was not used in weapons prior to the GW and since DU exposure in the GW
was different in various ways from other forms of exposure to uranium (e.g., in uranium
miners and millers), relatively little is known about DU’s long-term health effects.
Therefore a DU Follow-up Program (see below) was established in 1993 at the Baltimore
VA Medical Center to provide clinical surveillance to veterans and active-duty personnel
who had significant exposure to DU (primarily those with retained DU fragments.)
Significant findings of the Baltimore DU Follow-up Program include the following:
• Elevated uranium excretion in the urine (primarily in those with retained DU fragments)
but no evidence of renal damage or impairment of renal function;
• Urinary uranium excretion appears to be a more sensitive screening test than external
body/whole-body counting for significant DU exposure;
• Elevated urine uranium levels were related to poorer performance on some computerized
neuropsychological tests; new data in press show this effect is dampening;
• Uranium was present in the semen of several veterans with elevated urine uranium
levels. These are preliminary findings that need further exploration. There is no
evidence of birth defects in the over 30 children born to these veterans;
• Elevated urine uranium levels were related to higher prolactin levels, most of which
were within the upper bounds of the normal range in the 1997 results, but the 1999 data
did not find that.
See Appendix 14 for a copy of a paper by McDiarmid et al. See Appendix 15 for DU;
Information for Clinicians from the Baltimore VAMC for additional information.
The Baltimore VA Medical Center DU program also is providing direction to an expanded
DU screening program (see below). Elevated urine uranium values were found to be unlikely
in the absence of retained DU metal fragments. It was felt that there was little likelihood
that those with normal urine uranium levels when tested would develop any uraniumrelated
toxicity. A committee of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), National Academy of
Sciences, reviewed the possible effects of DU exposure. It concluded that there was limited/
suggestive evidence of no association between exposure to uranium at cumulative internal
dose levels lower than 20 rem or 25 rads and lung cancer. Also, the committee found
limited/suggestive evidence of no association between exposure to uranium and clinically
significant renal dysfunction. The IOM committee found that there was inadequate/insufficient
evidence to determine whether or not associations existed between uranium exposure
and a number of other cancers and diseases.
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Special VA programs for DU-exposed veterans
Veterans exposed to DU in the GW are eligible to participate in the VA’s Gulf War
Registry Examination program, which includes DU screening (see below). GW veterans
also have special eligibility (Priority Level 6) to enroll in VA health care for treatment of
conditions possibly related to service in the Persian Gulf.
DU Screening Program – In 1998 the VA and DoD established a screening program for
GW veterans whom DoD has identified as potentially having significant DU exposure and
other GW veterans who are concerned about possible DU exposure. See Appendix 3 for
a copy of VHA Directive 98-032 Evaluation Protocol for Gulf War Veterans with Potential
Exposure to Depleted Uranium (DU).
DoD has classified exposures to DU in the GW into 3 levels:
• Level I includes service personnel in or on a vehicle at the time it was penetrated by
a DU munition and rescuers who entered US vehicles immediately afterwards. DoD
estimates that less than 200 U.S. personnel are in Level I.
• Level II includes personnel who worked with DU-contaminated vehicles or other systems
(including members of the 144th Service and Supply Company of the NJ National
Guard) or were involved in the clean-up after a fire in Camp Doha’s North Compound.
DoD estimates that there were about 800 U.S. personnel in Level II.
• Level III includes personnel exposed to smoke containing DU or who entered DUcontaminated
vehicles. DoD estimates that Level III includes at least hundreds of U.S.
personnel who were exposed to smoke at Camp Doha.
[Other personnel not in one of these three categories presumably were at less risk for
significant DU exposure.]
The screening program includes (1) a GW registry examination (if not already performed),
(2) a detailed questionnaire about possible DU exposures in the GW, and (3) a 24 hour
urine collection for uranium determination.
The Baltimore DU Follow-up Program (see below) provides guidance to other facilities
regarding DU issues and is coordinating urine uranium testing and interpretation. Isotopic
uranium analysis may be able to separate those with excretion of high levels of natural
uranium (e.g., from living in an area with high uranium concentrations in the soil and
water) from those exposed to DU.
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DU Follow-up Program – As noted above, a DU Follow-up Program has been established
at the Baltimore VA Medical Center. Initially about 35 veterans mostly with retained DU
fragments were invited to participate in this clinical surveillance program.
Recently additional GW veterans who were felt to have similar opportunities for significant
DU exposure have been added and a total of 51 individuals were evaluated as inpatients at
the Baltimore VAMC during 1999. It is expected that the VA will offer long-term followup
surveillance to individuals with significant amounts of internalized DU.
KEY REFERENCES RELATING TO DU
Baltimore VA Medical Center DU: Information for Clinicians (Appendix 15)
Environmental Exposure Report Depleted Uranium in the Gulf (II), DOD Office
of the Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, December 2000,
http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/du_ii/
Hooper et al., Elevated urine uranium excretion by soldiers with retained uranium
shrapnel. Health Physics, Volume 77, Number 5, pages 512-519, 1999
Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Gulf War and Health Volume 1.
Depleted Uranium, Sarin, Pyridostigmine Bromide, Vaccines, 2000
McDiarmid et al., Health effects of depleted uranium on exposed Gulf War veterans.
Environmental Research, Volume 82, pages 168-180, 2000. (see Appendix 14)
McDiarmid et al., Urinary Uranium Concentrations in an Enlarged Gulf War Veteran
Cohort, Health Physics, Volume 80, Number 3, pages 270-273, 2001
McDiarmid, Melissa, Depleted Uranium and Public Health, British Medical Journal
Volume 322, Number 7279, pages 123-124, January 20, 2001
VHA Directive 98-032 Evaluation Protocol for Gulf War Veterans with Potential Exposure
to Depleted Uranium (DU), July 9, 1998 (see Appendix 3)
Goose
I know now for a FACT that Truth is Stranger than Fiction and IT CAN ALWAYS BE WORST!